How India reached at 75 years after independence

It has been 75 years since India’s independence, and in the 75 years after this glorious independence, India has become a world champion in big sports like cricket, hockey, and chess, as well as nuclear tests on land, warships at sea, and space satellites. In the last 75 years, India has not only made its army a world-class army, but we have also done supercomputer, nanotechnology, and neutrino research in the field of research and technology.

In the last 75 years, India has been established in land, sea, and space. Be it Bollywood or Tollywood, all entertainment is being seen in every corner of the world. Along with this, we have won prestigious awards like Miss Universe, the Booker , the Nobel and the Oscar. Despite all odds, we have the ability to change the world. We Indians also know how to write our success story. Let’s look back at some wonderful glimpses of the past 75 years and remember where we have come from.

1947: Tryst with Destiny

It begins when the fate of India comes in the hands of the people of India themselves. After thousands of sacrifices and surrenders, India wakes up from the dream of slavery. India wakes up in 1947 with a splendid speech by the first prime minister and son of the freedom movement, India’s meeting with destiny.

The country became independent at 00:00 hrs of15 August, 1947, more than 507 princely states were merged and the right to vote was given from day one. The minimum age of voter was 21 years at that time, the right to universal voting was not fully implemented in those days even in developed countries like America.

1948: Merger of Hyderabad and hockey gold medal

Hyderabad was annexed to India on 17 September, 1948 after 5 days of war (Operation Polo).

In the same year, independent India participated in the Olympics for the first time and won the country’s first gold medal in hockey.

1949: Adoption of Constitution, Indo-Pak War, Nationalization of RBI and Tripura merger

1949 was an important year after India’s independence. The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949. RBI was nationalized in the same year as the central bank.

In 1949, a ceasefire agreement was signed between India and Pakistan in Kashmir after 8 months of war and Tripura was included in India in the same year.

1950: Sacred Document : Constitution

After researching the constitutions of all the countries by the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, which was headed by Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar, India implemented its constitution on 26 January 1950.

It was dedicated by the people of India, to the people, and for the people of India. The Constitution of India was accepted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, which gave a solution in the in the form of a document by understanding the problems of India. It was a document of the dream of the people of India, which was seen in the freedom movement.

1951: First Lok Sabha election, first IIT and nationalization of Railway

After the constitution came into force, the process of first Lok Sabha elections started in 1951 after India became a republic.

In the same year, India’s first Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) was established in Kharagpur and railways were nationalized. India also hosted the first Asian Games in Delhi in the same year.

1952: first session of parliament and India-Pakistan test match

The Rajya Sabha was formed, the first session of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha began. Team India played its first test match against Pakistan in independent India and India won the match by giving follow-on.

1953: Nationalization of Air India and First backward class commission

The government nationalized 8 airways companies and established Indian Airlines and Air India was nationalized. The first Backward Classes Commission was constituted in the country for the purpose of taking the backward class forward in the society.

1954: First Nuclear Energy Program and First Bharat Ratna

India launched its first nuclear power program. Atomic Energy Commission This program was run under the Department of Atomic Energy. C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C.V. Raman got the first Bharat Ratna.

1955: Nationalization of Imperial Bank of India into SBI

The largest commercial bank in the Indian subcontinent, Imperial Bank of India, was converted into SBI. SBI is the 43rd largest bank in the world today

1956: Apsara, LIC and Hockey Gold

In 1956 India designed the country’s first nuclear reactor Apsara and LIC was also established in 1956. In the same year in Melbourne Olympics, the Indian hockey team won the gold medal by defeating Pakistan in the final.

1957: Polo World cup and First Indian Jet

Indian Polo team won the Polo World Cup held in France, 1957. In the same year the Indian Air Force launched the first jet bomber in Canberra. With this, the target could be simplified on land and water.

1958: Mother India in Oscar and Mihir Sen

Mother India was nominated for an Oscar in 1958 and it became the first Hindi Indian film to be included in the Oscars, but due to lack of one vote, it could not get the Oscar.

In the same year, Indian swimmer Mihir Sen crossed the English Channel and became the first Indian to achieve this feat and created history.

1959: Bajaj Auto and Aarti Saha

In the Indian Automobile Industry, the Government of India granted a license to Bajaj Auto to manufacture two wheelers and three wheelers.

In the same year, Aarti Saha became the first Asian woman to swim across the English Channel.

1960: Milkha Singh’s record

Milkha Singh created a national record by completing 400 meters in 45.9 seconds but missed out on the Olympic medal. His record remained intact for nearly 40 years.

1961: Independence of Goa, INS Vikrant and NAM

In 1961, Goa was liberated from 400 years of Portuguese rule and Goa was incorporated into India.

The same year saw the beginning of the Non-Aligned Movement in Belgrade. Which was created to save the newly independent countries of the Third World from the Cold War and to protect their sovereignty. In this, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was leading the non-aligned countries from India. in the same, INS Vikrant, the first aircraft carrier, was recognized in 1961.

1962: Indian Football Team in Asiad

The Indian football team created history by winning a gold medal in the first Asian Games held in Jakarta on 4 September,1962. India defeated South Korea, which is considered a strong contender in this tournament.

1963: Dams and First Rocket launch

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru’s focus was to build infrastructure in India, he used to call dams the temples of modern India. To fulfill this dream, many projects were run across the country. Bhakra Nangal Dam was built on the Sutlej River. Which took 15 years to make. It was the second largest, tallest (207 m) dam in Asia after Tehri.

In the same year, the country also launched rocket for the first time.

1964: Sunil Dutt’s Yaadein

Sunil Dutt’s film Yaadein entered the Guinness Book of World Records. There was only one character in this and that too Sunil Dutt himself was also the producer and director.

1965: Declared Kashmir an integral part and green resolution

India formally declared Kashmir to be an integral part of India, but now the government refuses to recognise Kashmir as disputed. In the same year, the Green Revolution was a successful attempt to increase the production and productivity of food grains in India. 

In this way, the production and productivity of crops were increased by the combination of high-productivity seeds, fertilisers, and water in western India, especially in the northern parts of Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, as well as in some fertile parts of the south, which led to self-sufficiency in food production in India.

William Gaud coined the phrase “green revolution,” and Norman Borlaug is regarded as its founder. With the assistance of a geneticist who is today referred to as the father of the Green Revolution (India), M.S. Swaminathan, the Indian government began the Green Revolution in 1965.

1966 : Indira Gandhi and Reita Faria

Indira Gandhi became the first woman Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi activated India’s foreign policy, due to which India emerged as a powerful country not only in South Asia but on the world stage.

In the same year, Reita Faria was given the title of Miss World. Reita Faria became the first Indian woman to win Miss World. Later, Rita also became a judge in the Miss World pageant.

1967: Grammy Award and Zakir Hussain

In 1967, Pandit Ravi Shankar won the country’s first Grammy Award, which was given for great achievement in the field of music.

In the same year Zakir Hussain took over as the President, who also became the first Muslim President of India.

1968: first heart transplant

Dr. Praffula Sen performed India’s first heart transplant surgery in February. Dr. Praful Sen became the first Asian surgeon to perform a heart transplant. On December 3, 1967, the world’s first heart transplant surgery was done, and a few days later, it was done in India.

1969 : ISRO and nationalization of 14 banks

ISRO was established on 15 August and Vikram Sarabhai became the first founder of ISRO.

The government nationalized 14 banks with capital above Rs 50 crore so that poverty could be eradicated. Nationalization of banks happened suddenly.

1970: white revolution

By 1970, there was a per capita shortage of milk in India. To find a solution, there was a white revolution, which lasted until 1996. Its aim was to be a leader in milk production. India is the number one milk producer in the world today, and Verghese Kurien is considered the father of the White Revolution.

1971: Indira Gandhi and the independence of Bangladesh

In 1971, India liberated Bangladesh and forced thousands of Pakistani soldiers to surrender. Bangladesh became a separate country on December 16, 1971. The entire credit for liberating Bangladesh goes to India under the tenure of the Indira Gandhi government.

1972: Shimla Agreement

On July 2, a historic agreement was signed between India and Pakistan, which is known as the Shimla Agreement. The purpose of this historic agreement was to reach an agreement on peaceful settlement of disputes between the two countries.

1973: Chipko Andolan and Project Tiger

The Chipko movement was started in 1973 for forest conservation. In this way, people protected the forest by sticking to the tree. The most successful wildlife conservation programme, Project Tiger, was launched in the same year as the number of tigers in India was continuously decreasing. Initially, nine tiger reserves were made in Project Tiger, which have since become 53.

1974: Smiling Buddha: First nuclear test

By the 1970s, India was in need of nuclear tests, as China had already conducted nuclear tests in 1963, and Pakistan was constantly in a position of aggression against India by allying with China.

In 1974, Smiling Buddha was the country’s first successful nuclear test. This was the country’s first nuclear test on May 18, 1974, at Pokhran, at an unknown site 140 km from Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. The code name of this operation, which took place on the day of Buddha Purnima, was Smiling Buddha. After Smiling Buddha, all powerful countries in the world, like America, imposed sanctions on India and established the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) to stop the spread of nuclear technology.

1975:First Satellite Aryabhata and Hockey World Champion

ISRO launched the first Indian satellite Aryabhata in 1975. This was a great achievement in the space sector.

In the same year in the World Hockey Cup, India won the cup by defeating Pakistan and became the hockey champion.

1976: ban on bonded labor

Forced labour is illegal under the constitution, but it continued until the 1970s. In 1976, the central government made a law and completely banned bonded laborers and slavery was declared a punishable offense so that the weaker sections could not be exploited by it. Bonded labour was mainly caste-based, in which Dalits and Adivasis suffered more from slavery and were given legal rights.

1977: first non congress government

For the first time, a non-Congress government was formed in the country and Morarji desai became prime minister of India and the Emergency was removed, this was the biggest victory of democracy.

1978: India’s first test tube baby

India was making steady progress in the field of medicine till the 1970s, before India had done the first heart transplant. In 1978, the country’s first and the world’s second test tube baby, ‘Durga‘, was born. The first children born with IVF technology were called test tube babies.

1979: Formation of Mandal Commission and Noble to Mother Teresa

By 1979, caste politics had increased a lot in India. In this sequence, the Mandal Commission was formed to find out social inequalities on the basis of caste and the relation of development with caste. Mandal Commission recommended 27% reservation for backward classes.

In the same year Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo

1980: Rohini Satellite

ISRO achieved another success in 1980 when the Rohini satellite was successfully placed in orbit. The RS-I, weighing 35 kg, had a lifetime of 20 months in orbit. ISRO Received many important information from Rohini for further development.

1981: Tromaril, the first indigenous drug

Indian scientists made the first indigenous medicine called Tromaril. It was used to avoid pain, inflammation and the risk of heart attack.

1982: Color TV and Asian Games in Delhi

Doordarshan started testing color television for the first time in 1982 and same year, India won 13 gold, 19 silver and 25 bronze in the 9th Asian Games held in Delhi.

1983: India Cricket World cup Champion

Team India became the world champion for the first time in cricket. India gave the West Indies a target of just 183 runs, but the king of the cricket world, the West Indies, lost by 42 runs. The West Indies had been the world champion twice during that time. India made history. But no one has complete video footage of the final of the match yet.

1984: Rakesh Sharma and Operation Meghdoot

Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian astronaut on April 3. In the same year, India captured a large part of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir by running Operation Meghdoot.

1985: SPG and Cricket again

A Committee of Secretaries of the Ministry of Home Affairs conducted a review after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was killed in October 1984 by two of her Delhi Police security guards. In light of the breach, it was decided to delegate the Prime Minister’s security to a specialised team under the direct supervision of the STF to ensure his close protection at all times. In 1985, the Special Protection Group (SPG) was formed for the first time for the security of the Prime Minister.

In the same year, India won the first Cricket World Championship by defeating Pakistan in the final. Team India won this championship by 8 wickets, and 8 teams were involved in this tournament.

1986: Golden Girl, P.T. Usha

P.T. Usha created history by winning four gold medals at the Seoul Asian Games,1986. The country’s Golden Girl also made a record of winning 11 medals in Asian Games.

1987: Gavaskar’s 10,000 runs

On March 7, Sunil Gavaskar set the record for scoring 10,000 runs in Tests. He became the first batsman in the world to do so. India hosted the Cricket World Cup in the same year.

1988: Voting age to be 18 and Grandmaster V. Anand

The voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 years after constitutional amendment 61st by the Rajiv Gandhi government to make wide representation of Indians. and Viswanathan Anand became India’s first Grand Master in the same year.

In the same year, the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was also established to redress the problems of consumers.

1989: Kerala’s Koyattam and Ballistic Missiles

Kerala’s Koyattam became the first 100% literacy district in the country. Country’s first 3000 to 5500 km range ballistic missile Agni was successfully test-fired.

1990: Mandal Report and Kuwait Airlift

The Mandal Commission report was implemented in 1990. In which reservation of up to 27% was given to Other Backward Classes in government jobs.

In the same year, Indians were airlifted by doing the biggest operation in Kuwait. In which about 1,75,000 Indians were evacuated from Kuwait.

1991: The first supercomputer PARAM 8000

India made its first indigenous supercomputer Param 8000. It had 64 CPUs. India had made this match in 3 years after America refused to give the supercomputer and the whole world was shocked.

1992 : Satyajit Ray

Filmmaker Satyajit Ray received Oscar’s Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992, while Satyajit Ray, one of the world’s top 10 filmmakers, never sent any of his films to the Oscars.

1993 : 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments

Since independence, the vision has been to empower the local bodies, which include urban and rural local bodies. In 1993, a big step was taken in the direction of implementing the Panchayati Raj system in the country. Constitutional recognition was given to the formation of panchayats by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment.

1994: Miss Universe and Miss World in the same year

Sushmita Sen was selected Miss Universe in the Philippines and Aishwarya Rai became Miss World in South Africa in the same year.

Interestingly, Sushmita Sen defeated Aishwarya Rai in the Miss India pageant held in 1994, but both the beauties made India proud on the world stage.

1995: Mid day meal, Delhi Metro and India joined WTO

The Mid Day Meal Scheme was launched on August 15 with the goal of fighting malnutrition among children as well as increasing the literacy rate so that children do not drop out of school at an early age. The scheme to provide food to 120 million children became the largest scheme in the world.

Delhi Metro was established in the same year and India also joined WTO.

1996: Bronze medal after 44 year wait in Olympics

Tennis player Leander Paes won the bronze medal in the Atlanta Olympics, giving India a bronze medal in the Olympics after 44 years. India had achieved this feat after 44 years so it was very important

1997: The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy

Arundhati Roy wrote the novel The God of Small Things for which she was awarded the Booker Prize. She became the first Indian to win the prestigious Booker Award.

1998: Nobel Prize to Amartya Sen and second nuclear test

Indian economist Amartya Sen received the Nobel Prize for his work on topics like poverty and hunger.

India also conducted five nuclear tests in Pokhran between May 11 and 13. After this, many countries in the world, including major countries like America and Japan, imposed many restrictions on India.

2000: World Chess Champion, India’s Second Miss Universe and miss world

Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand won the World Chess Championship and the same year Lara Dutta was crowned Miss Universe in Cyprus. Priyanka Chopra also won the title of Miss World in the same year.

2001: Tejas and Golden Quadrilateral

The first members fighter aircraft Tejas made its first flight on 4 January. The Golden Quadrilateral, the world’s fifth largest highway project, has begun. Its length is 5846 kms initially measured.

2002: India-China air service resumed and Sukhoi-30

After a gap of 40 years, India-China relations improved and direct air service between India and China was restored. Fighter aircraft Sukhoi-30 MKI was inducted into the Indian Air Force in the same year.

2003: Sania Mirza wins Wimbledon doubles

Sania Mirza became the first Indian player to win the Wimbledon double trophy but in the same year India cricket team lost in the Cricket World Cup final.

2004: Censorship for adult programs on TV

The Mumbai High Court has given an important order that no TV channel will be able to broadcast any adult program or film without the approval of the Censor Board of India.

2005 : Leprosy free India, RTI and MGNREGA

India was declared free from leprosy in 2005 and in the same year Indians got the right to information. The world’s largest employment guarantee program NREGA was launched in the same year. In which 100 days employment was guaranteed.

2006: Nathula Pass reopened

After 44 years, the Nathula Pass was reopened for trade between India and China, which was sealed during the war with China in 1962. The Nathula Pass was important not only for trade with Tibet and China but also for giving a new path to the Amarnath Yatra. It also had spiritual significance for Indians.

2007: First female president and ISRO launch 4 satellites simultaneously

In 2007, India got the first woman president; Pratibha Devi Singh Patil became the first woman president of India. In the same year, India launched four satellites simultaneously. An experimental spacecraft of ISRO was also launched and remained in orbit for 12 days. It was a successful attempt to bring India’s commercial space programme to the world stage.

2008: Mission Chandrayaan-1 and Olympic Gold

On 22 October, an ambitious mission mission of ISRO, Chandrayaan I was successfully launched.

In the same year, Abhinav Bindra achieved a historic feat by winning the gold medal in the 10m air rifle at the Beijing Olympics. This is the country’s first gold medal in individual competition.

2009 : the 6th nation by ‘Arihant’

India took another step towards becoming a nuclear triad when the first indigenous nuclear submarine ‘Arihant‘ was launched in the water. India became the sixth country in the world to make such a submarine after the US, Russia, China, Britain and France. India successfully built Arihant nuclear submarine with the help of Russia’s Akula submarine.

2010: Right to Education and Commonwealth Games in Delhi

After long tireless efforts finally all the children of 6 to 14 years of age were given the right to education for free education. The Commonwealth Games were hosted in India in the same year. India won more than 100 medals for the first time in Delhi.

2011: India Against Corruption, Cricket World Cup and longest route train

Anna Hazare and his team created a movement all over the country against the increasing corruption in India. India Against Corruption became the biggest ever movement against corruption in India. After which there was also a change of power in India.

In 2011, under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Team India won the Cricket World Cup by defeating Sri Lanka in the final on 2 April.

In the same year, the longest distance train Vivek Express started in India whose route was 4246 km.

2012: Sachin’s 100th century, Women’s World Cup and Agni Missile

For a long time, cricket lovers were waiting for Sachin Tendulkar’s 100th century and it was completed in 2012. Sachin Tendulkar scored his 100th international century and became the first batsman to do so.

In the same year, the Indian women’s kabaddi team played and won the first World Cup. The successful test of the next stage of Agni missile also took place in the same year.

2013: Mangalyaan, Food safety and 100 Years of Indian Cinema

Mangalyaan mission was successfully launched. India became the first country to reach Mars in its very first attempt. In the same year, the National Food Security Act was passed, which guaranteed food security to Indians.

Indian cinema completed 100 years in the same year. This cycle started from 1913 when the first Indian film Raja Harishchandra was released. it was a silent film

2014 : Polio Free India and Kailash Satyarthi’s Nobel

In 2014, India was declared polio free by WHO. Earlier, in 1994, India had about 60% of the world’s polio cases, but polio was completely eradicated from India in 2014 after the tireless efforts of governments and the cooperation of the public.

In the same year, Kailash Satyarthi received the Nobel Prize for the Bachpan Bachao Andolan. The Nobel Prize shared with Malala Yousafzai. Kailash Satyarthi saved the lives of thousands of children through his Bachpan Bachao Andolan and brought them into the mainstream.

2015: Number one in Badminton and tennis and Space Telescope

Sania and Martina Hingis, a Swiss legend, clinched the WTA Family Circle Cup to take the top spot on the rankings in 2015.

Saina Nehwal reached the world number one ranking in badminton. After winning over Carolina Marin of Spain in the India Open Super Series semifinal, 2015. In the same year, the army launched Akash missile and Indian Space Research Organization launched the first space telescope.

2016: Demonetization and Surgical Strike

Demonetization was announced with the aim of eradicating corruption in India. Due to this, 500 and 1000 notes were suddenly declared illegal. Demonetization was aimed at curbing the parallel corruption running the economy and the use of cash in anti-national activities, but it also hurt many industries and the lower class.

The entire country lined up at ATMs to withdraw cash. A surgical strike was carried out by India in 2016 to avenge the Uri attack from launch pads in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and to eliminate terrorist squads. In this, India destroyed many terrorist bases in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

2017: Right to privacy, GST and first woman pilot

The Supreme Court considered privacy a fundamental right. GST was implemented under One Nation One Tax. In the same year, Shubhangi Swaroop also became the first woman pilot in Indian navy.

2018: Statue of Unity and Blind Cricket World Cup

The tallest statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose height is 797 feet, was installed.

In the same year, the Indian blind cricket team won the second World Cup.

2019: Abrogation of Article 370, Ban on triple talaq and Balakot airstrike

Article 370 was removed from Jammu and Kashmir so that the central law could be implemented here. At present, more than 890 central laws are applicable here. Pakistan had also strongly opposed it. In the same year, a law was passed against triple talaq, and triple talaq was banned. The Balakot strike was done in 2019. This was an aggressive action by the army after the martyrdom of 40 soldiers in the Pulwama attack on February 14.

2020: Foundation of Ram temple and corona lockdown

On the dispute of the birth land of Lord Ram, the Supreme Court gave the decision to lay the foundation of Ram temple in Ayodhya and the foundation stone of Ram temple was laid in Ayodhya.

In the same year, a complete lockdown was imposed in the country for the first time to save the country from the spread of corona epidemic. PM Modi started it with Janata Curfew.

2021: Indigenous corona vaccine

Indigenous corona vaccine has been approved for Covishield and Covaxin. India launched the world’s largest coronavirus vaccination campaign. So far, more than 200 million times, more and more people have been given the dose of corona vaccinated, which is a world record.

2022: First private train

The first ever private train launch between Coimbatore and Shirdi under Bharat Gaurav scheme is a different experience for Indian Railways.

About the Author

Manish love to write and he is a Civil Servant and Engineering Graduate. follow Manish on Instagram

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